Identify the meaning of the term "social identity theory."

The term "social identity theory" refers to the idea that a person's sense of who they are is largely determined by their group memberships, such as nationality, ethnicity, family, and other social categories. This theory posits that individuals derive a part of their self-concept and self-esteem from the social groups they belong to. By identifying with specific social groups, individuals can gain a sense of belonging and pride, which can significantly shape their behaviors, attitudes, and interactions with others.

The focus on social group memberships highlights how one's identity is not solely an individual construct but also influenced by the dynamics of group affiliation and the social context. This is foundational in social psychology, as understanding identity in this way can illuminate phenomena such as in-group favoritism, intergroup conflict, and collective behavior.

Other options do not accurately capture the essence of social identity theory. The first option emphasizes personal achievements, which diverges from the collective focus of social identity. The third option pertains to individual characteristics and ignores social contexts, while the last option suggests isolation, which contradicts the central concept of identity being shaped by social interactions and group dynamics. Understanding this framework is crucial for examining how identity affects social relations and behavior in various contexts.