What model identifies two routes of persuasion: central and peripheral?

The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) is the correct answer because it describes how attitudes are influenced through two distinct routes of persuasion: the central route and the peripheral route.

The central route involves deep processing of the information presented, where individuals are more likely to engage with the content thoughtfully and critically. This typically occurs when the audience is motivated and able to think about the message, leading to more enduring attitude change.

In contrast, the peripheral route relies on superficial cues and heuristics, such as attractiveness of the speaker or emotional appeals, rather than the quality of the arguments themselves. This route is more likely to be utilized when individuals are less motivated to process the message or when they lack the ability to engage with it deeply.

Both of these pathways explain how different factors can influence persuasion depending on the context and the audience’s engagement levels. The ELM emphasizes the importance of understanding the audience's motivation and ability to process information when crafting persuasive messages. Other theories listed do not focus specifically on these two distinct processes of persuasion.