Which concept describes a situation where different groups' goals align to solve a problem together?

The correct concept here is superordinate goals. This term specifically refers to goals that different groups can work towards that require cooperation, thereby promoting collaboration between them. When various groups have goals that align and can only be achieved through joint effort, it breaks down barriers and fosters teamwork. Superordinate goals help in uniting groups that may have conflicting interests or identities, as their focus shifts to a common objective that benefits everyone involved.

While shared interests might suggest a commonality in desires, it doesn't capture the cooperative effort necessary to address a specific problem. Group cohesiveness refers to the bonds that hold a group together, but it does not imply the intergroup collaboration that superordinate goals entail. Social facilitation deals with how the presence of others influences individual performance on tasks but does not relate directly to collaboration between groups. Thus, superordinate goals uniquely encapsulate the essence of unified efforts across diverse groups to solve a shared problem.